Background Conditions amenable to surgical, obstetric, trauma, and anaesthesia (SOTA)
care are a major contributor to death and disability in Ghana. SOTA care is an essential …

Abstract The Health Care Referral System is a service system that controls the delegation of
authority and responsibility for health problems which is carried out reciprocally vertically or …

Background: A functionally effective referral system that links district level hospitals (DLHs)
with referral hospitals (RHs) facilitates surgical patients getting timely access to specialist …

Critical illness is a state of ill health with vital organ dysfunction, a high risk of imminent
death if care is not provided and potential for reversibility. The burden of critical illness is …

The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed, perhaps more than ever, the tight interlinkages
between health and politics. 1 2 Policies adopted or neglected by politicians without …

Background There are 80 million forcibly displaced persons worldwide, 26.3 million of whom
are refugees. Many refugees live in camps and have complex health needs, including a high …

Background In Africa, no cerebral aneurysm treatment guidelines exist. Epidemiology,
management, and outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remain …

Background A majority of the 2 billion children lacking access to safe, timely and affordable
surgical care reside in low‐and middle‐income countries. A barrier to tackling this issue is …

Referral health care refers to the movement of populations between different levels of a
health care system, often to seek specialized care at higher level centers. It requires mobility …

Importance Surgery is a foundational aspect to high functioning health care systems. In the
wake of the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery, previous research has focused on …