Abstract Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer is a major cause of cancer death
in women. Although aromatase inhibitors suppress the function of ER and reduce the risk of …

Tumors that express detectable levels of the product of the ESR1 gene (estrogen receptor-α;
ERα) represent the single largest molecular subtype of breast cancer. More women …

Autophagy is a tightly-regulated catabolic process of cellular self-digestion by which cellular
components are targeted to lysosomes for their degradation. Key functions of autophagy are …

The modulation of macroautophagy is now recognized as one of the hallmarks of cancer
cells. There is accumulating evidence that autophagy plays a role in the various stages of …

Purpose: Estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-targeted therapies including tamoxifen (TAM) or
Faslodex (ICI) are used to treat ER+ breast cancers. Up to 50% of tumors will acquire …

Despite an increase in the incidence of breast cancer worldwide, overall prognosis has
been consistently improving owing to the development of multiple targeted therapies and …

Mitochondria play a key role in ATP generation, redox homeostasis and regulation of
apoptosis. Due to the essential role of mitochondria in metabolism and cell survival …

BH3 mimetics are a novel class of anticancer agents designed to specifically target pro-
survival proteins of the Bcl-2 family. Like endogenous BH3-only proteins, BH3 mimetics …

Background About 70% of all breast cancers are estrogen receptor alpha positive (ER+) and
are treated with antiestrogens. However, 50% of ER+ tumors develop resistance to these …

In selective autophagy, the adaptor protein SQSTM1/p62 plays a critical role in
recognizing/loading cargo (eg, malfolded proteins) into autophagosomes for lysosomal …