Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is the most potent pro-fibrogenic cytokine and its
expression is increased in almost all of fibrotic diseases. Although signaling through Smad …

BACKGROUND: Glutathione (GSH) is present in all mammalian tissues as the most
abundant non-protein thiol that defends against oxidative stress. GSH is also a key …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic interstitial lung disease characterized by an
abnormal reepithelialisation, an excessive tissue remodelling and a progressive fibrosis …

Age-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic
kidney disease and cardiomyopathy are frequently associated with fibrosis. Work within the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of cellular metabolism,
primarily in the mitochondria. When cellular production of ROS overwhelms its antioxidant …

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease characterized by excessive accumulation of
extracellular matrix (ECM) and remodeling of the lung architecture. Idiopathic pulmonary …

Glutathione (L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is synthesized from its constituent amino
acids by the sequential action of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-GCS) and GSH …

Tissue injury evokes highly conserved, tightly regulated inflammatory responses and less
well-understood host repair responses. Both inflammation and repair involve the …

Inflammatory lung diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation and
oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, a major cause of cell damage. The development of an …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is the most potent and ubiquitous profibrogenic
cytokine, and its expression is increased in almost all the fibrotic diseases and in …