Recent breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) have enabled machines to plan in tasks
previously thought to be uniquely human. Meanwhile, the planning algorithms implemented …

This review takes a historical perspective on concepts in the psychology of motivation and
emotion, and surveys recent developments, debates and applications. Old debates over …

Abstract We introduce Imagination-Augmented Agents (I2As), a novel architecture for deep
reinforcement learning combining model-free and model-based aspects. In contrast to most …

Revised and Updated, Featuring a New Case Study How do successful companies create
products people can't put down? Why do some products capture widespread attention while …

Understanding the brain requires us to answer both what the brain does, and how it does it.
Using a series of examples, I make the case that behavior is often more useful than …

An enduring and richly elaborated dichotomy in cognitive neuroscience is that of reflective
versus reflexive decision making and choice. Other literatures refer to the two ends of what is …

The brain mechanisms of fear have been studied extensively using Pavlovian fear
conditioning, a procedure that allows exploration of how the brain learns about and later …

We review the psychology and neuroscience of reinforcement learning (RL), which has
experienced significant progress in the past two decades, enabled by the comprehensive …

Research on avoidance conditioning began in the late 1930s as a way to use laboratory
experiments to better understand uncontrollable fear and anxiety. Avoidance was initially …

Why do we repeat choices that we know are bad for us? Decision making is characterized
by the parallel engagement of two distinct systems, goal-directed and habitual, thought to …