The present investigation discusses an in-depth retrospective study of different aspects of
force measurement. The paper discusses the different force realizing methods (machines) …

Dynamic modal testing is an economical method of evaluating structural key stiffness, the
accuracy of which relies on the determination of selected target modes. Pretension …

In this paper, retrospective investigation of different types of force transducers, used in
different applications (metrological, industrial, scientific etc.) for force measurement, has …

As an elastic body of proving rings, load rings have been continuously developed with the
code of conduct provided by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS). Despite a geometry of …