In this review, I examine the social psychological research on ostracism, social exclusion,
and rejection. Being ignored, excluded, and/or rejected signals a threat for which reflexive …

The phenomenon of ostracism has received considerable empirical attention in the last 15
years, in part because of a revitalized interest in the importance of belonging for human …

This article describes a new model that provides a framework for understanding people's
reactions to threats to social acceptance and belonging as they occur in the context of …

This article outlines the development of a 10-item measure of workplace ostracism. Using 6
samples (including multisource and multiwave data), the authors developed a reliable scale …

Ostracism has been recognized as conceptually and empirically distinct from harassment.
Drawing from theory and research that suggests that employees have a strong need to …

Competing predictions about the effect of social exclusion were tested by meta-analyzing
findings from studies of interpersonal rejection, ostracism, and similar procedures. Rejection …

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how employees' perceptions of
workplace ostracism might reduce their job performance, as well as how the negative …

This article presents the first meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection, sampling
88 studies. The results are consistent with a needs account, which states that rejection …

Recent research indicates that ostracism is painful even in the face of mitigating
circumstances. However, in all previous experiments, there have been no costs to inclusion …

The science of social psychology is predicated on the simple fact that human thought,
emotion, and behavior are powerfully affected by the real, implied, and imagined presence …