Pseudomonas syringae is one of the most common plant pathogens that infect the
phyllosphere. P. syringae can live on the plant surface as an epiphyte. To cause disease, it …

Since the early 1980s, various strains of the gram-negative bacterial pathogen
Pseudomonas syringae have been used as models for understanding plant-bacterial …

Effector-triggered immunity (ETI), induced by host immune receptors in response to
microbial effectors, protects plants against virulent pathogens. However, a systematic study …

The plant basal immune system can detect broadly present m icrobe-a ssociated m olecular
p atterns (MAMPs, also called PAMPs) and induce defenses, but adapted microbes express …

Bacterial, oomycete and fungal plant pathogens establish disease by translocation of
effector proteins into host cells, where they may directly manipulate host innate immunity. In …

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) elicit basal defense responses in plants,
and, in turn, pathogens have evolved mechanisms to overcome these PAMP-induced …

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) serves as a
primary plant defense response against microbial pathogens, with MEKK1, MKK1/MKK2 …

The ability of a bacterial cell to monitor and adaptively respond to its environment is crucial
for survival. After one‐and two‐component systems, extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ …

Network robustness is a crucial property of the plant immune signaling network because
pathogens are under a strong selection pressure to perturb plant network components to …

Bacterial ADP-ribosyltransferase toxins (bARTTs) transfer ADP-ribose to eukaryotic proteins
to promote bacterial pathogenesis. In this Review, we use prototype bARTTs, such as …