Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart
electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and …

Self-assembled architectures of soft matter have fascinated scientists for centuries due to
their unique physical properties originated from controllable orientational and/or positional …

For the practical use of synthetic hydrogels as artificial biological tissues, flexible electronics,
and conductive membranes, achieving requirements for specific mechanical properties is …

Natural load-bearing materials such as tendons have a high water content of about 70 per
cent but are still strong and tough, even when used for over one million cycles per year …

A hydrogel is often fabricated from preexisting polymer chains by covalently crosslinking
them into a polymer network. The crosslinks make the hydrogel swell‐resistant but brittle …

Nanocellulose is currently in the limelight of extensive research from fundamental science to
technological applications owing to its renewable and carbon‐neutral nature, superior …

Multiple stretchable materials have been successively developed and applied to wearable
devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering. Organohydrogels are currently being widely …

A variety of soft, hydrogel-like materials with sophisticated micro-and nanoengineered
ordered structures that offer excellent functionalities exist in nature. Conventional synthetic …

Anisotropic hydrogels mimicking the biological tissues with directional functions play
essential roles in damage‐tolerance, cell guidance and mass transport. However …

Hydrogels are able to mimic the flexibility of biological tissues or skin, but they still cannot
achieve satisfactory strength and toughness, greatly limiting their scope of application …