The cycling of carbon on Earth exerts a fundamental influence upon the greenhouse gas
content of the atmosphere, and hence global climate over millennia. Until recently, ice …

In recent decades, the land-ocean aquatic continuum, commonly defined as the interface, or
transition zone, between terrestrial ecosystems and the open ocean, has undergone …

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body
for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular …

Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to
anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream …

Abstract Runoff from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is thought to enhance marine
productivity by adding bioessential iron and silicic acid to coastal waters. However …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

Mass loss from the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has increased over the last two decades in
response to changes in global climate, motivating the scientific community to question how …

Greenland runoff, from ice mass loss and increasing rainfall, is increasing. That runoff, as
discharge, impacts the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the adjacent fjords …

The melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet is accelerating, with glaciers shifting from marine to
land termination and potential consequences for fjord ecosystems downstream. Monthly …

The discharge of nutrient-rich meltwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet has emerged as a
potentially important contributor to regional marine primary production and nutrient cycling …