Programmed cell death leading to apoptosis is essential for normal development and
homeostasis in plants and throughout the animal kingdom. Although there are differences in …

Aquaculture has long been seen as a sustainable solution to some of the world's growing
food shortages. However, experience over the past 50 years indicates that infectious …

The broad utilisation of neonicotinoids, particularly imidacloprid (IMI), in agriculture has led
to unplanned contamination of aquatic systems around the world. The sublethal effects of …

In this work, we analyzed the effects of chromium (Cr) and lead (Pb) on immune and
antioxidant systems of Galleria mellonella. In particular, after exposure to diets containing …

The total haemocyte count (THC), haemolymph norepinephrine (NE) level, caspase-3
mRNA expression and activity levels, and apoptotic haemocyte rate were measured when …

Many microarray and suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) studies have analyzed
the effects of environmental stress on gene transcription in marine species. However, there …

This study assessed the effects of mechanical agitation, hypo-saline conditions, and
exposure to the air on the Akoya pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata, focusing specifically on …

Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) is responsible for the
synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine, respectively. In the present study, dopa …

The adrenergic receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors, through which
norepinephrine and epinephrine trigger the second messenger to modulate the immune …

We investigated the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dopamine (DA) on the activation
of the prophenoloxidase (proPO) system of Litopenaeus vannamei. LPS and DA were …