Decades of efforts in engineering in vitro cancer models have advanced drug discovery and
the insight into cancer biology. However, the establishment of preclinical models that enable …

Cancer remains a severe public health burden worldwide. One of the challenges hampering
effective cancer therapy is that the existing cancer models hardly recapitulate the tumor …

Introduction Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a core pillar of cancer
therapy as single agents or in combination regimens both in adults and children …

Abstract Treatment options for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), a highly malignant
tumor with poor prognosis, are limited. Recent developments in immunotherapy and …

As extensively distributed tissues throughout the human body, glands play a critical role in
various physiological processes. Therefore, the construction of biomimetic gland models in …

Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a heterogeneous disease composed of different cell types
with different molecular aberrations. Traditional cell lines and mice models cannot …

In the past decade, treatments targeting the immune system have revolutionized the cancer
treatment field. Therapies such as immune checkpoint inhibitors have been approved as first …

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of liver cancer with an aggressive phenotype and
dismal outcome in patients. The metastasis of CCA cancer cells to distant organs, commonly …

The uncontrollable migration of cancer cells is one of the reasons for the poor prognosis.
The interaction between collagen and cellular processes is usually dominated by the full …

During the last decade, immunotherapy has radically changed perspectives on anti-tumor
treatments. However, solid tumor treatment by immunotherapy has not met expectations …