Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) drug resistance genotyping is recommended
to help in the selection of antiretroviral therapy and to prevent virologic failure. There are …

The emerging HIV-1 resistance epidemic is threatening the impressive global advances in
HIV-1 infection treatment and prevention achieved in the last decade. Next-generation …

The ability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies to detect low frequency HIV-1
drug resistance mutations (DRMs) not detected by dideoxynucleotide Sanger sequencing …

Background Implementation of ultrasensitive HIV drug resistance tests for routine clinical
use is hampered by uncertainty about the clinical relevance of drug-resistant minority …

Highlights•Technological innovations enable the global roll-out of drug resistance
surveillance.•Next-generation sequencing provides an answer for simultaneous resistance …

Introduction The WHO urges action against the threat posed by HIV drug resistance. It is well
known that the sensitivity of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) is greater than that of …

Background HIV treatment guidelines have traditionally recommended that all HIV-positive
individuals are tested for evidence of drug resistance prior to starting ART. Testing for …

In the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the diarylpyrimidine
(DAPY) analogs etravirine (ETR) and rilpivirine (RPV) have been widely effective against …

The global intensification of antiretroviral therapy (ART) can lead to increased rates of HIV
drug resistance (HIVDR) mutations in treated and also in ART-naive patients. ART-naive HIV …

Background Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are recommended by international
guidelines as first-line therapy in antiretroviral-naive and-experienced HIV-1-infected …