This Review develops a theoretical framework for the development and onset of vulnerability
in later life based on the concept of reserves. We stress the advantages of using the concept …

Objective This study examines whether fatherhood sparks the wage attainment of men or
rather entry into fatherhood is simply more typical for high‐earning men and at times of wage …

We examine how the life courses of couples in East and West Germany are linked to
women's income in later life using multichannel sequence analysis. By applying a couple …

How can we statistically assess differences in groups of life-course trajectories? The authors
address a long-standing inadequacy of social sequence analysis by proposing an adaption …

The relationship between processes and time-varying covariates is of central theoretical
interest in addressing many social science research questions. On the one hand, event …

The period of young adulthood is a decisive stage for women's employment pathways.
Individual characteristics (such as marriage, parenting and education) and contextual factors …

In recent decades, childlessness has increased across many European countries. In
addition to socioeconomic characteristics, having a partner is considered a prerequisite in …

The transition to parenthood represents a turning point shaping couples' arrangements for
paid work and housework. Previous studies often examined these changes in isolation …

In early research on the employment consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic,
implications for gender inequality were widely discussed. Several early studies showed that …

The adult stage (Stage 8) of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) focuses
on the adult working age population in Germany and serves, in many respects, as a …