The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

The past two decades have witnessed a dramatic accumulation of evidence indicating that
the excitatory amino acid glutamate plays an important role in drug addiction and …

Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse following
detoxification. There are two main versions of the reinstatement model that are employed to …

Individuals addicted to drugs of abuse such as alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and heroin are a
significant burden on healthcare systems all over the world. The positive reinforcing …

Substance abuse and addiction are well recognized public health concerns, with 2 NIH
institutes (the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse …

Accumulating evidence has shown the neuroactive properties of oxytocin (OT), a
neurohypophyseal neuropeptide, and its ability to reduce the abuse potential of drugs. The …

A novel approach to reduce the incidence of substance use disorders is to promote
resilience to stress using environmental resources such as physical exercise. In the present …

The anti-alcoholism drug disulfiram (Antabuse), which is an inhibitor of aldehyde
dehydrogenase, induces an aversive reaction to alcohol consumption and thereby helps …

Addiction to alcohol and drugs is a major social and economic problem, and there is
considerable interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms that promote addictive …

Glutamate plays a pivotal role in drug addiction, and the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)
glutamate receptor subtype serves as a molecular target for several drugs of abuse. In this …