In this paper, we study the dynamics of a time fractional order toxic-phytoplankton–
phytoplankton–zooplankton system (TPPZS). Routh–Hurwitz criteria is applied to discuss …

In this work, we analyze plankton–fish dynamics in the presence of toxicity, refuge, and
combine-harvesting efforts by a considering Holling type-II functional response. We have …

In this paper, a stochastic nutrient–plankton model with regime switching is proposed, where
the regime switching plankton mortality is described by a continuous time Markov chain with …

Considering that some phytoplankton and zooplankton are harvested for food, a
phytoplankton–zooplankton model with harvesting is proposed and investigated. First …

A predator–prey model is proposed in this work where the prey population is infected by a
disease. Here, healthy prey species show defence mechanism while they are attacked by …

The crux of present investigation is to develop an interval-valued population model for the
interaction between phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish population under cyrtoid type …

In this study, we describe a two-zooplankton one-phytoplankton system that exhibits a
Holling type II functional response in the presence of toxicity. Combined effort (E) is used to …

The increasing input of environmental toxins in aquatic systems raises concerns regarding
the environmental exposure and impact of toxins on natural aquatic environments …

In this research article, we consider a tri-trophic food chain model with one prey and two
predators such as-prey, intermediate predator and top predator. In this model, the prey and …

In this paper, a three-tier model of phytoplankton, zooplankton and nutrient is considered
and stability of different equilibrium points is analyzed along with Hopf-bifurcation around …