Increasing evidence indicates that ovarian hormones affect brain structure, chemistry and
function of women in their reproductive age, potentially shaping their behavior and mental …

Ovarian hormones, particularly 17β-estradiol, are involved in numerous neurophysiological
and neurochemical processes, including those subserving cognitive function. Estradiol plays …

Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are implicated in the
pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). GABA levels or GABAergic …

Creatine monohydrate is actively being researched for its antidepressant effects, yet little is
known about the link between dietary creatine and depression risk. This study examines the …

Background and purpose Phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS)
allows a non-invasive analysis of phosphorus-containing compounds in vivo. The present …

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the primary method that can measure the levels
of metabolites in the brain in vivo. To achieve its potential in clinical usage, the reliability of …

Abstract Proton (1 H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool
capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo. Prioritization of …

Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA, also known as glycocyamine or betacyamine) is a naturally-
occurring derivative of glycine and a direct metabolic precursor of creatine, a key player in …

Objective Human blood metabolites are influenced by a number of lifestyle and
environmental factors. Identification of these factors and the proper quantification of their …

Abstract Glutamate (Glu), gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA), and excitatory/inhibitory (E/I)
imbalance have inconsistently been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. Elevated …