Human social evolution has most often been treated in a piecemeal fashion, with studies
focusing on the evolution of specific components of human society such as pair‐bonding …

Multilevel (or modular) societies are a distinct type of primate social system whose key
features are single-male–multifemale, core units nested within larger social bands. They are …

Baboons (genus Papio) are a morphologically and behaviorally diverse clade of catarrhine
monkeys that have experienced hybridization between phenotypically and genetically …

Multilevel societies, identified by two or more nested levels (or modules) of organization,
have been touted as some of the most complex social systems. However, few empirical …

Objectives Primate social systems are remarkably diverse, and thus play a central role in
understanding social evolution, including the biological origin of human societies. Although …

Multilevel societies are unique in their ability to facilitate the maintenance of strong and
consistent social bonds among some individuals while allowing separation among others …

One key question in social evolution is the identification of factors that promote the formation
and maintenance of stable bonds between females and males beyond the mating context …

The multilevel society of hamadryas baboons, consisting of troops, bands, clans, and one‐
male units (OMUs), is commonly perceived to be an effective means of adapting to variable …

Reconstructions of hominin evolution have long benefited from comparisons with nonhuman
primates, especially baboons and chimpanzees. The hamadryas baboon (Papio …

In mammals characterized by a mating system in which a single male monopolizes
reproduction, infanticide is reported to occur following a male take-over, often resulting in …