Drug addiction is a devastating condition that poses a serious burden on the society. The
use of some drugs like morphine for their tremendous analgesic properties is also …

The use of morphine as a first-line agent for moderate-to-severe pain is limited by the
development of analgesic tolerance. Initially opioid receptor desensitization in response to …

Inflammation, and the pain that accompanies it, is a natural response of the body. The
licorice plant (Glycyrrhiza glabra) have demonstrated anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous …

S-nitrosothiols exert multiple effects on neural processes in the central and peripheral
nervous system. This study shows that intravenous infusion of S-nitroso-L-cysteine (SNO-L …

In this study, the possible role of oxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) synthase isoforms in
the development of morphine tolerance and dependence, and effect of alpha-lipoic acid on …

Accumulating evidence suggests that opioid analgesics can lead to paradoxical
sensitization to pain when delivered in different administration patterns. Although opioid …

In this study, the effect of thymoquinone on morphine-induced tolerance and dependence in
mice was investigated. Repeated administration of thymoquinone along with morphine …

Endogenous and exogenously administered S-nitrosothiols modulate the activities of central
and peripheral systems that control breathing. We have unpublished data showing that the …

The adverse side effects of opioids, especially antinociceptive tolerance, limit their clinical
application. A recent study reported that platelet‐derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) …

Nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cGMP) signaling has been
shown to act as a mediator involved in pain transmission and processing. In this review, we …