In the cell, as in vitro, the final conformation of a protein is determined by its amino-acid
sequence. But whereas some isolated proteins can be denatured and refolded in vitro in the …

In all organisms, heat-shock proteins (HSPs) provide an ancient defense system. These
proteins act as molecular chaperones by assisting proper folding and refolding of misfolded …

The role of cytosolic factors in protein targeting to mitochondria is poorly understood. Here,
we show that in mammals, the cytosolic chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 dock onto a …

Among the heat shock proteins (HSP), HSP27, HSP70 and HSP90 are the most studied
stress-inducible HSPs, and are induced in response to a wide variety of physiological and …

Heat shock proteins (HSP) HSP27 and HSP70 are expressed in response to a wide variety
of physiological and environmental insults including anticancer chemotherapy, thus allowing …

The highly conserved heat shock proteins (HSPs) accumulate in cells exposed to heat and a
variety of other stressful stimuli. HSPs, which function mainly as molecular chaperones …

Bacilli secrete numerous proteins into the environment. Many of the secretory proteins, their
export signals, and their processing steps during secretion have been characterized in …

Mitochondria import many hundreds of different proteins that are encoded by nuclear genes.
These proteins are targeted to the mitochondria, translocated through the mitochondrial …

We propose that a cell's life is divided into two fundamentally different parts. Some time after
mitosis all cells enter a state (A) in which their activity is not directed towards replication. A …

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) were first identified as proteins whose synthesis was enhanced
by stresses such as an increase in temperature. Recently, several of the major Hsps have …