The physiological stress response is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis in the
presence of real or perceived challenges. In this function, the brain activates adaptive …

Regulation of stress reactivity is a fundamental priority of all organisms. Stress responses
are critical for survival, yet can also cause physical and psychological damage. This review …

Adipose tissue plays a central role in regulating whole-body energy and glucose
homeostasis through its subtle functions at both organ and systemic levels. On one hand …

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is the primary driver of hypothalamo–
pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) responses. At least part of the role of the PVN is managing …

Acute stress can exert beneficial or detrimental effects on different forms of cognition. In the
present study, we assessed the effects of acute restraint stress on different forms of …

In response to stress, defined as a real or perceived threat to homeostasis or well-being,
brain systems initiate divergent physiological and behavioral processes that mobilize energy …

Hindbrain neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) are critical for regulation of
hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) responses to stress. It is well known that …

The term allostasis, which is defined as stability through change, has been invoked
repeatedly by developmental psychopathologists to describe long-lasting and in some …

A long-standing paradigm posits that hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
regulates neuroendocrine functions such as adrenal glucocorticoid release, whereas extra …

Hindbrain adrenergic/noradrenergic nuclei facilitate endocrine and autonomic responses to
physical and psychological challenges. Neurons that synthesize adrenaline and …