Aquaponics is an innovative, smart, and sustainable agricultural technology that integrates
aquaculture (farming of fish) with hydroponics in growing vegetable crops symbiotically. The …

The Part 1 prequel to this review evaluated the evolution of modelling techniques used in
evaluation of fruit quality over the past three decades and noted a progression towards the …

Herbicides and heavy metals are hazardous substances of environmental pollution,
resulting in plant stress and harming humans and animals. Identification of stress types can …

In the aquaponic system, plant nutrients bioavailable from fish excreta are not sufficient for
optimal plant growth. Accurate and timely monitoring of the plant's nutrient status grown in …

Water content is crucial for plant growth. Determination of water content can help monitor
plant growth status. In this study, spectral data in the range of 900–1700 nm acquired by …

Verticillium wilt, primarily caused by the pathogen Verticillium dahliae, is an economically
devastating disease of potato crops. Early detection of this disease is critical in informing …

The combination of near-infrared spectroscopy and machine intelligence has been an
emerging nondestructive tool for powdery food evaluation. In this research, a novel portable …

Chrysanthemum morifolium (Hangbaiju) is a kind of favored flower tea due to its health
benefits. Rapid and accurate determination of chemical components is important for …

Nutrients derived from fish feed are insufficient for optimal plant growth in aquaponics;
therefore, they need to be supplemented. Thus, estimating the amount of supplementation …

Abstract Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) was proved as a reliable indicator for the
representation of leaf chlorophyll or nitrogen content. Portable plant SPAD sensors have …