Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the
mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate …

The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous brain structure that serves a central
role in motivation and reward processing. Abnormalities in the function of VTA dopamine …

Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has revolutionized the
treatment of depression because of its potent, rapid and sustained antidepressant effects …

Although it is challenging for individuals with cocaine addiction to achieve abstinence, the
greatest difficulty is avoiding relapse to drug taking, which is often triggered by cues …

Addictive drugs have in common that they target the mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA)
system. This system originates in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and projects mainly to the …

Ketamine has been found to have rapid and potent antidepressant activity. However, despite
the ubiquitous brain expression of its molecular target, the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor …

In the mammalian central nervous system, excitatory glutamatergic synapses harness
neurotransmission that is mediated by ion flow through α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4 …

Schizophrenia is a complex, chronic mental health disorder whose heterogeneous genetic
and neurobiological background influences early brain development, and whose precise …

The brain is wired to predict future outcomes. Experience-dependent plasticity at excitatory
synapses within dopamine neurons of the ventral tegmental area, a key region for a broad …

Addiction is a disease of altered behavior. Addicts use drugs compulsively and will continue
to do so despite negative consequences. Even after prolonged periods of abstinence …