Abstract Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an archetypical genetic syndrome that is
characterized by intellectual disability, well-defined facial features, upper limb anomalies …

Newborn infants experience acute pain with various medical procedures. Evidence
demonstrates that controlling pain in the newborn period is beneficial, improving …

OBJECTIVE: To develop comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for critically ill infants
and children, with specific attention to seven domains of care including pain …

Pain is a subjective experience, and no objective tests exist to measure it (American Pain
Society, 2009). Whenever possible, the existence and intensity of pain are measured by the …

Pain is a subjective experience, unfortunately, some patients cannot provide a self-report of
pain verbally, in writing, or by other means. In patients who are unable to self-report pain …

Objectives: Delirium assessments in critically ill infants and young children pose unique
challenges due to evolution of cognitive and language skills. The objectives of this study …

Abstract The Face, Legs, Activity, Cry and Consolability (FLACC) scale is one of the most
widely used behavioural observation pain scales. However, the psychometrics of the scale …

Assessment provides the foundation for diagnosis, selection of treatments, and evaluation of
treatment effectiveness for pediatric patients with acute, recurrent, and chronic pain …

Background: Congenital muscular torticollis (CMT) is a postural deformity evident shortly
after birth, typically characterized by lateral flexion/side bending of the head to one side and …

Background Few investigators have evaluated pain assessment tools in the critical care
setting. Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry …