Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful spectroscopic method for
measuring distances in the 2–8 nm range. Often, conformational changes and molecular …

All biological information, since the last common ancestor of all life on Earth, has been
encoded by a genetic alphabet consisting of only four nucleotides that form two base pairs …

DNA polymerase θ (Polθ) plays a central role in a DNA double-strand break repair pathway
termed theta-mediated end joining (TMEJ). TMEJ functions by pairing short-sequence" …

Off-target binding and cleavage by Cas9 pose major challenges in its application. How the
conformational dynamics of Cas9 govern its nuclease activity under on-and off-target …

Binding of extracellular ligands to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiates
transmembrane signaling by inducing conformational changes on the cytoplasmic receptor …

Accurate replication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by DNA polymerase γ (Polγ) is essential
for maintaining cellular energy supplies, metabolism, and cell cycle control. To illustrate the …

Monitoring the kinetics and conformational dynamics of single enzymes is crucial to better
understand their biological functions because these motions and structural dynamics are …

DNA polymerases play a central role in biology by transferring genetic information from one
generation to the next during cell division. Harnessing the power of these enzymes in the …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate a wide range of human physiological
functions by transducing extracellular ligand binding events into intracellular responses …

A more complete depiction of protein energy landscapes includes the identification of
different function-related conformational states and the determination of the pathways …