Analogous to other physiological systems, the immune system also demonstrates
remarkable sex differences. Although the reasons for sex differences in immune responses …

Women have a higher incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases than men, and
85% or more patients of multiple autoimmune diseases are female. Women undergo …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is universally found to be more prevalent in women than men. This
has led to extensive studies of differences in the immune system or nervous system between …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) affecting young people and leading to demyelination and neurodegeneration. The …

An improved mechanistic understanding of the adaptational processes mounted during
mammalian reproduction is emerging. Intricate pathways occurring at the fetomaternal …

The immune system plays a significant role in multiple sclerosis. While MS was historically
thought to be T cell-mediated, multiple pieces of evidence now support the view that B cells …

Purpose of review This review presents a comprehensive analysis of the current high-
efficacy disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) available for treatment of multiple sclerosis …

Sex based differences in immune responses, affecting both the innate and adaptive immune
responses, contribute to differences in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases in males and …

The purpose of studying the epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is twofold. First, it is
important to understand clearly the natural history of the illness in order to assist patients in …

The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) involves complex interactions between genetic
susceptibility and environmental triggers. Clinical observations suggest that the study of sex …