Recent years have seen a blossoming of theories about the biological and physical basis of
consciousness. Good theories guide empirical research, allowing us to interpret data …

Controlling electromagnetic waves and information simultaneously by information
metasurfaces is of central importance in modern society. Intelligent metasurfaces are smart …

While the general idea of self-supervised learning is identical across modalities, the actual
algorithms and objectives differ widely because they were developed with a single modality …

In this article we hypothesise that intelligence, and its associated abilities, can be
understood as subserving the maximisation of reward. Accordingly, reward is enough to …

Deep learning algorithms trained to predict masked words from large amount of text have
recently been shown to generate activations similar to those of the human brain. However …

Integrating neurons into digital systems may enable performance infeasible with silicon
alone. Here, we develop DishBrain, a system that harnesses the inherent adaptive …

Biological computing (or biocomputing) offers potential advantages over silicon-based
computing in terms of faster decision-making, continuous learning during tasks, and greater …

Why do humans make music? Theories of the evolution of musicality have focused mainly
on the value of music for specific adaptive contexts such as mate selection, parental care …

Neuromorphic computing takes inspiration from the brain to create energy-efficient hardware
for information processing, capable of highly sophisticated tasks. Systems built with standard …

Emotions arise from activations of specialized neuronal populations in several parts of the
cerebral cortex, notably the anterior cingulate, insula, ventromedial prefrontal, and …