Abstract The standard Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmological model provides a good
description of a wide range of astrophysical and cosmological data. However, there are a …

A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

Teleparallel gravity (TG) has significantly increased in popularity in recent decades, bringing
attention to Einstein's other theory of gravity. In this Review, we give a comprehensive …

We review the current status of Early Dark Energy (EDE) models proposed to resolve the
“Hubble tension”, the discrepancy between “direct” measurements of the current expansion …

The dawn of the twenty-first century came with very positive prospects for gravity, cosmology,
and astrophysics. Technological progress made it possible for cosmology to enter to its …

New physics increasing the expansion rate just prior to recombination is among the least
unlikely solutions to the Hubble tension and would be expected to leave an important …

We present a detailed investigation of a subdominant oscillating scalar field [“early dark
energy”(EDE)] in the context of resolving the Hubble tension. Consistent with earlier work …

We review recent developments and results in testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological
scales. The subject has witnessed rapid growth during the last two decades with the aim of …

Axions comprise a broad class of particles that can play a major role in explaining the
unknown aspects of cosmology. They are also well-motivated within high energy physics …

It is commonly assumed that the energy density of the Universe was dominated by radiation
between reheating after inflation and the onset of matter domination 54,000 years later …