Explaining how animals respond to an increasingly urbanised world is a major challenge for
evolutionary biologists. Urban environments often present animals with novel problems that …

Cognition, defined as the processes concerned with the acquisition, retention and use of
information, underlies animals' abilities to navigate their local surroundings, embark on long …

Schooling is ubiquitous in the modern world and academic development is now a critical
aspect of preparation for adulthood. A step back in time to pre-modern societies and an …

Animal foraging movements are shaped by sensory-motor abilities, availability and
distribution of resources and cognitive skills (memory of where, and possibly what and …

Long before the term Machiavellian Intelligence was coined, James Neel, a prominent
geneticist, was pondering the role of 'princes' in the evolution of exceptional human …

Spatial navigation has received much attention from neuroscientists, leading to the
identification of key brain areas and the discovery of numerous spatially selective cells …

Almost all animals navigate their environment to find food, shelter, and mates. Spatial
cognition of nonhuman primates in large-scale environments is notoriously difficult to study …

While the ability of naturally ranging animals to recall the location of food resources and use
straight-line routes between them has been demonstrated in several studies [1, 2], it is not …

Within comparative psychology, the evolution of animal cognition is typically studied either
by comparing indirect measures of cognitive abilities (eg, relative brain size) across many …

A bstract Spatial memory allows animals to retain information regarding the location,
distribution, and quality of feeding sites to optimize foraging decisions. Western gorillas …