Articular cartilage serves as a low-friction, load-bearing tissue without the support with blood
vessels, lymphatics and nerves, making its repair a big challenge. Transforming growth …

Replacement of body parts has been studied for at least 2500 years, when missing teeth
were substituted with artificial teeth engraved from the bones of oxen. 1 Artificial substitutes …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells owing to their regenerative potential
and multilineage potency. MSCs have wide-scale applications either in their native cellular …

Background The management of articular cartilage defects presents many clinical
challenges due to its avascular, aneural and alymphatic nature. Bone marrow stimulation …

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by pain and disability. It involves
all ages and 70% of people aged> 65 have some degree of osteoarthritis. Natural cartilage …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells whose plasticity and self-
renewal capacity have generated significant interest for applications in tissue engineering …

Chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is accurately regulated by
essential transcription factors and signaling cascades. However, the precise mechanisms …

Today, the application of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and their exosomes to
treat degenerative diseases has received attention. Due to the characteristics of these cells …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity to
differentiate into tissues of both mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin. MSCs can …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are potential candidates in cell-based therapy for cartilage
repair and regeneration. However, during chondrogenic differentiation, MSCs undergo …