Abstract The recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) sampled
only the civilian, non‐institutionalized population of USA and may have underestimated the …

Background Injection drug use (IDU) in nonurban areas of the United States is a growing
public health concern, but there has been no comprehensive assessment of existing …

Background Needle and syringe program (NSP) service delivery models encompass fixed
sites, mobile services, vending machines, pharmacies, peer NSPs, street outreach, and inter …

One of the four national HIV prevention goals is to incorporate combinations of effective,
evidence-based approaches to prevent HIV infection. In fields of public health, techniques …

A new skin and needle hygiene intervention, designed to reduce high-risk injection practices
associated with bacterial and viral infections, was tested in a pilot, randomized controlled …

Bacterial infections are widespread problems among drug injectors, requiring novel
preventive intervention. As part of a NIDA-funded study, we developed an intervention …

As injection drug use increases, needle exchange programs (NEPs) are one method of
reducing infectious disease transmission and improving health outcomes for this population …

Drug overdose death rates in the United States have more than tripled since 1990 with more
than 36,000 dying in 2008. In 2007 the estimated cost of drug use to US society due to lost …

The Navajo tribe reports extraordinarily high number of cases of sexually transmitted
diseases (STDs), such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) …

HEALTH PROGRESS www. chausa. org NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2011 65 less,
imprisoned, sick. The United Nations Joint Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates that at …