Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of individuals upon exposure to
traumatic stress. In addition to well-defined psychological and behavioral symptoms, some …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common age-related neurodegenerative disease
characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment. The typical …

Ethnopharmacological relevance According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory,
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a kind of depression syndrome, and its occurrence …

Abstract d-β-hydroxybutyrate (d-3HB), a monomer of microbial polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), is
also a natural ketone body produced during carbohydrate deprivation to provide energy to …

Ketone bodies (KBs), such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, serve as crucial
alternative energy sources during glucose deficiency. KBs, generated through ketogenesis …

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating mental health disorder that occurs
after exposure to a traumatic event. Patients with comorbid chronic pain experience affective …

hydroxybutyrate (3HB), or BHB, is an anionic small molecule acid metabolite with a hydroxyl
group. 3HB is the major ketone body that is distributed in the human brain and its primary …

Ketogenic diets (KDs), fasting, or prolonged physical activity elevate serum ketone bodies
(KBs) levels, providing an alternative fuel source for the brain and other organs. However …

Inflammasomes are important modulators of inflammation. Dysregulation of inflammasomes
can enhance vulnerability to conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases …

In recent times, advances in the field of metabolomics have shed greater light on the role of
metabolic disturbances in neuropsychiatric conditions. The following review explores the …