Abstract Background The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is considering reducing
nicotine levels in cigarettes to “minimally or non-addictive levels.” However, important …

Importance The optimal temporal approach for reducing nicotine to minimally or
nonaddictive levels in all cigarettes sold in the United States has not been determined …

Bayesian hierarchical models produce shrinkage estimators that can be used as the basis
for integrating supplementary data into the analysis of a primary data source. Established …

Abstract Background and Aims Clinical trials on the impact and safety of reduced nicotine
content cigarettes (RNCs) are ongoing, and an important methodological concern is …

Abstract Introduction The US Food and Drug Administration is considering implementing a
reduced-nicotine standard for cigarettes. Given the high rate of smoking among people with …

Background: The FDA recently acquired regulatory authority over tobacco products, leading
to renewed interest in whether reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes would reduce …

Background: The FDA is considering a mandated reduction in the nicotine content of
cigarettes. Clinical trials have been limited by non-study cigarette use (noncompliance) …

Introduction Because 30% of cigarettes sold in the United States are characterized as
menthol cigarettes, it is important to understand how menthol preference may affect the …

Large reductions in nicotine content could dramatically reduce reinforcement from and
dependence on cigarettes. In this article, we summarise the potential benefits of reducing …

Background A recent clinical trial showed that an immediate transition to very low nicotine
content (VLNC) cigarettes, compared with a gradual transition, produced greater reductions …