Over the last three decades acute liver failure (ALF) has been transformed from a rare and
poorly understood condition with a near universally fatal outcome, to one with a well …

Mechanisms involved in hepatic encephalopathy still remain to be defined. Nonetheless, it is
well recognized that ammonia is a major factor in its pathogenesis, and that the astrocyte …

Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure (ALF) and may be
associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and death. In ALF, some …

Glutamine is an essential cerebral metabolite. Several critical brain processes are directly
linked to glutamine, including ammonia homeostasis, energy metabolism and …

The pathophysiological basis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is unclear but systemic
inflammatory response is thought to be important. In patients with ACLF, the molecular …

Background & Aims: About 20% of patients with acute liver failure (ALF) die from increased
intracranial pressure (ICP) while awaiting transplantation. This study evaluates the clinical …

Hepatic encephalopathy is a severe complication of cirrhosis that is related to the effects of
ammonia. Analysis of interorgan ammonia trafficking has identified an important role of …

The role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) and the regulatory subunit p47phox for hypoosmotic
ROS generation was studied in cultured rat astrocytes and brain slices of wilde type and …

Ammonia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and energy crisis is known as a critical
consequence of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Hence, mitochondria are potential targets of …

This review addresses recent and not so recent works that emphasize on the mechanisms
by which liver damage can induce encephalopathy. Hepatic encephalopathy constitutes an …