EARLY efforts to purify a bone-derived growth factor from rat bone culture medium revealed
its biological and biochemical similarity to transforming growth factor-β type 1 (TGF-β1) …

Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary research field combining the exciting fields of
osteology and immunology. An observation that contributed enormously to the emergence of …

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts its regulatory effects on calcium homeostasis in part by
stimulating the release of calcium from the skeleton. PTH stimulates bone resorption …

Colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) stimulates motility and cytoplasmic spreading in mature
osteoclasts. Therefore, we examined the cellular events and intracellular signaling pathways …

PTH and other hormones that stimulate resorption affect osteoclasts indirectly by modulating
cytokine production by osteoblasts. However, the identity and role of the osteoblast‐derived …

Parathyroid hormone and other bone resorptive agents function, at least in part, by inducing
osteoblasts to secrete cytokines that stimulate both differentiation and resorptive activity of …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important mediator of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-induced bone
resorption. Serum levels of IL-6 and its soluble receptor (IL-6sR) are regulated in part by …

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) are bone resorptive agents
that upregulate interleukin-6 (IL-6) and RANKL production by osteoblasts. IL-6 mRNA …

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates osteoblasts to produce the proinflammatory cytokine
interleukin-6 (IL-6), causing bone resorption. In patients with primary hyperparathyroidism …

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder which occurs most
frequently in post-menopausal women and is characterized by mild, stable, and often …