The trend toward high capacity and huge size in lithium-ion batteries has made it necessary
to investigate the internal thermal characteristics. In this study, a thermal runaway model was …

Gradual replacement of fossil fuels by clean and renewable energies is crucial to minimize
the greenhouse effect from the transport sector. The electric vehicle is intended to be the …

Battery safety design is important to consider from the individual Li-ion cell to the level of the
macro-system. On the macro-level, failure in one single cell can lead to propagation of the …

Prevention and mitigation of hazardous battery failure scenarios can be achieved through
the integration of different safety systems. These mechanisms are routinely evaluated post …

Containing thermal runaway propagation in lithium-ion battery packs is a pertinent problem
that is exacerbated when considering high energy density batteries and severe battery …

Sidewall rupture is among the most violent and destructive ways a lithium-ion cell can fail
during a thermal runaway event. When individual cells are aggregated into a complete …

Six thermal runaway propagation tests were performed on small modules consisting of
seven 21700 lithium-ion cells in a hexagonal configuration with 3 mm spacing between …

X-rays can be generated by several methods. In lab-based computed tomography (CT)
sources, an X-ray tube source contains a cathode filament and a target anode, typically …