Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for intracellular activities; it functions as a cofactor
for a variety of enzymes, including arginase, glutamine synthetase (GS), pyruvate …

Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient required for the normal development of many
organs, including the brain. Although its roles as a cofactor in several enzymes and in …

Several heavy metals are found naturally in the earth crust and are exploited for various
industrial and economic purposes. Among these heavy metals, a few have direct or indirect …

Alzheimer's disease and related dementias lack effective treatment or cures and are major
public health challenges. Risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias is partially …

Exposure to manganese (Mn) causes clinical signs and symptoms resembling, but not
identical to, Parkinson's disease. Since our last review on this subject in 2004, the past …

High amounts of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in non-alcoholic beverages can result in
acute or long-term intoxication. Trace amounts of PTEs like arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a gradually progressing neurodegenerative condition that is
marked by a loss of motor coordination along with non-motor features. Although the precise …

Background As the primary immune response cell in the central nervous system, microglia
constantly monitor the microenvironment and respond rapidly to stress, infection, and injury …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a deliberately progressive neurological disorder, arises due to
degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The …

This book helps readers understand the fundamental principles and phenomena that control
the transfer of trace elements. It describes the occurrence and behavior of trace elements in …