The use of supercritical fluids is spreading more and more throughout the world. The interest
in them and their applications is clear from the increasing number of papers and patents in …

Sludge palm oil (SPO) with high free fatty acid (FFA) content was processed using a
continuous and double-step esterification production process in a rotor-stator-type …

Being regarded as one of the most promising desalination technologies, capacitive
deionization (CDI) has attracted wide attention due to its low energy consumption, high salt …

In this work, the optimization of microalgae oil (MO) based biodiesel production process is
carried out by waste heat recovery and process integration. The exergy analysis of each …

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production. However,
techno-economic feasibility of commercial cellulosic ethanol production is still one of the …

Management of crude glycerol derived as transesterification byproduct is a major concern of
biodiesel industry, as the disposal or direct usage leads to adverse environmental impacts …

We develop four kinetic models of varying complexity for biodiesel production. The models
incorporate both transesterification and saponification, thereby making them practically …

Transesterification is the process of transmutation of fatty acids to alkyl esters (biodiesel)
when reacted with alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, etc. The unreacted methanol in the …

Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and environmentally benign fuel that can be directly
used in a diesel engine. Although it has shown promise, the higher production cost of …