Inherent to sea ice, like other high latitude environments, is the strong seasonality driven by
changes in insolation throughout the year. Sea-ice organisms are exposed to shifting …

Phages play central roles in shaping bacterial community biology. For example, lytic
phages, by eliminating particular subpopulations of bacteria, control the composition of …

Particle sinking is an important process in the ocean, influencing the biogeochemical cycle
and driving the long-term preservation of carbon into the deep sea via the biological pump …

Prophage typically are induced to a lytic cycle under stressful environmental conditions or
when the host's survival is threatened. However, stress-independent, spontaneous induction …

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) may cause bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic
colitis, with sometimes severe complications. Because genes coding for Shiga toxins are …

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of pathogenic strains responsible
for bloody diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, with often severe complications. Shiga toxins …

Background The bacteriophage life cycle has an important role in Shiga toxin (Stx)
expression. The induction of Shiga toxin-encoding phages (Stx phages) increases toxin …

Within-host competition between parasites is frequently invoked as a major force for parasite
evolution, yet quantitative studies on its extent in an organismal group are lacking …

Although most Escherichia coli strains occur in the mammalian intestine as commensals,
some of them, including enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), are capable of causing disease …

Changes in environmental conditions and prokaryote physiology can strongly affect the
dynamics of both the lysogenic and lytic bacteriophage replication cycles in aquatic systems …