BACKGROUND Numerous lines of evidence challenge the traditional interpretations of how
crystals nucleate and grow in synthetic and natural systems. In contrast to the monomer-by …

Arsenic, one of the elements having most terrible impact on the human being, is threatening
the world continuously. It exists in the combined form in rocks under earth which on …

Mixed Ni–Fe oxides are attractive anode catalysts for efficient water splitting in solar fuels
reactors. Because of conflicting past reports, the catalytically active metal redox state of the …

Reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions occur during burial because sediments contain
reactive mixtures of oxidised and reduced components. Diagenetic chemical reactions …

In environmental magnetism, rock and mineral magnetic techniques are used to investigate
the formation, transportation, deposition, and postdepositional alterations of magnetic …

Continuous crop expansion has led to a growing demand for phosphate fertilizers. A sound
knowledge of the dynamics of phosphorus, and its interaction with iron oxides and organic …

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an ideal approach for renewable solar fuel
production. One of the major problems is that narrow bandgap semiconductors, such as …

Although minor in abundance in Earth's crust (U, 2–4 ppm; Th, 10–15 ppm) and in seawater
(U, 0.003 ppm; Th, 0.0007 ppm), light actinides (Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, and Cm) are …

The solubility of Ag NPs can affect their toxicity and persistence in the environment. We
measured the solubility of organic-coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) having particle …

Hematite is a canted antiferromagnet with reddish color that occurs widely on Earth and
Mars. Identification and quantification of hematite is conveniently achieved through its …