Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune
response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient …

Rheumatoid arthritis is a heterogeneous disease, which can be, based on data combining
genetic risk factors and autoantibodies, sub-classified into ACPA-positive and-negative RA …

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines induce robust anti-spike (S) antibody and CD4+ T cell
responses. It is not yet clear whether vaccine-induced follicular helper CD4+ T (T FH) cell …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease typically affecting the joints, but the
systemic inflammatory process may involve other tissues and organs. Many extra-articular …

Major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) molecules play a vital role in the onset and
control of cellular immunity. In a highly selective process, MHC II presents peptides derived …

Fifty years since the first description of an association between HLA and human disease,
HLA molecules have proven to be central to physiology, protective immunity and …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthropathy. The majority of
evidence, derived from genetics, tissue analyses, models, and clinical studies, points to an …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation,
which affects approximately 1% of the population. The benefit of early recognition and …

Two decades of clinical experience with immunomodulatory treatments for multiple sclerosis
point to distinct immunological pathways that drive disease relapses and progression. In …

A bacterial etiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been suspected since the beginnings of
modern germ theory. Recent studies implicate mucosal surfaces as sites of disease …