After several decades, therapeutic cancer vaccines now show signs of efficacy and potential
to help patients resistant to other standard-of-care immunotherapies, but they have yet to …

Therapeutic cancer vaccines have undergone a resurgence in the past decade. A better
understanding of the breadth of tumour-associated antigens, the native immune response …

Fibroblasts play an essential role in organogenesis and the integrity of tissue architecture
and function. Growth in most solid tumors is dependent upon remodeling 'stroma', composed …

Cancer immunotherapy aims to promote the activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) within
a tumour, assist the priming of tumour-specific CTLs in lymphoid organs and establish …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released by most cell types as part of an intracellular
communication system in crucial processes such as inflammation, cell proliferation, and …

Cancer vaccines aim at eliciting tumor‐specific responses for the immune system to identify
and eradicate malignant tumor cells while sparing the normal tissues. Furthermore, cancer …

Cancer vaccines, which are designed to amplify tumour-specific T cell responses through
active immunization, have long been envisioned as a key tool of effective cancer …

Immunotherapy is proving to be an effective therapeutic approach in a variety of cancers. But
despite the clinical success of antibodies against the immune regulators CTLA4 and PD …

Melanoma is one of the most immunologic malignancies based on its higher prevalence in
immune‐compromised patients, the evidence of brisk lymphocytic infiltrates in both primary …

Growth/differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also named macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, is a
divergent member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily. While physiological …