The most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is levodopa, prescribed in
conjunction with carbidopa. Virtually all patients with PD undergo dopamine replacement …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

People with late-stage Parkinson's disease (PD) often suffer from debilitating locomotor
deficits that are resistant to currently available therapies. To alleviate these deficits, we …

Dopaminergic medications used in the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease are
associated with motor and non-motor behavioural side-effects, such as dyskinesias and …

Most evidence indicates that, as for family CG protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), family A
GPCRs form homo-and heteromers. Homodimers seem to be a predominant species, with …

Animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD) have proved highly effective in the discovery of
novel treatments for motor symptoms of PD and in the search for clues to the underlying …

Parkinson disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects as many
as 1–2% of persons aged 60 years and older. With the aging of the population, the …

Levodopa is the standard medication clinically prescribed to patients afflicted with
Parkinson's disease. In particular, the monitoring and optimization of levodopa dosage are …

G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) kinases (GRKs) are best known for their role in
homologous desensitization of GPCRs. GRKs phosphorylate activated receptors and …

This review updates the existing knowledge suggesting a role for the D3 receptor in
schizophrenia and drug addiction. The D3 receptor is expressed in brain regions controlling …