The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-
canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family. TBK1 can be activated by …

Bone diseases are usually caused by abnormal metabolism and death of cells in bones,
including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and bone marrow …

Background PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase in
mitochondria that is critical for mitochondrial quality control. PINK1 triggers mitophagy, a …

Mitochondria are essential for cardiac myocyte function, but damaged mitochondria trigger
cardiac myocyte death. Although mitophagy, a lysosomal degradative pathway to remove …

The process of membrane atg8ylation, defined herein as the conjugation of the ATG8 family
of ubiquitin-like proteins to membrane lipids, is beginning to be appreciated in its broader …

Most breast cancers do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors and there is an urgent
need to identify novel sensitization strategies. Herein, we uncovered that activation of the …

Recent key technological developments, such as super-resolution microscopy and
microfabrication, enabled investigation of biological processes, including macroautophagy …

Retinal pigment epithelial cell and neuroretinal damage in age-related macular
degeneration (AMD) can lead to serious visual impairments and blindness. Studies have …

Ca2+ modulates autophagy at multiple steps including the induction and maturation of
autophagosomes, but the magnitude and spatiotemporal properties of this calcium signal …

The relationship between autophagy and aging has been a considerable focus of
experimental and conceptual research since the discovery in 2003 that manipulations that …