Sleep is a vital and evolutionarily conserved process, critical to daily functioning and
homeostatic balance. Losing sleep is inherently stressful and leads to numerous detrimental …

Individual variations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function are most evident at or
beyond the time of puberty, when marked changes in sex steroid release occur. To explore …

The roles of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), opioid peptides, leptin and ghrelin in
anorexia nervosa (AN) were discussed in this paper. CRF is the key mediator of the …

Normal pubertal development in humans involves two distinct processes: maturation of
adrenal androgen secretion (adrenarche) and activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary …

The central circadian clock in mammals is housed in the brain and is based on cyclic
transcription and translation of clock proteins. How the central clock regulates peripheral …

In a previous study, we reported that a brief exposure to swim stress transforms an
electrically induced, protein synthesis-independent early long-term potentiation (early LTP) …

Steroid hormones can modulate motivated behaviors through the mesocorticolimbic system.
Gonadectomy (GDX) is a common method to determine how steroids influence the …

The Leydig cell-specific factor insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is involved in testicular descent
during embryo development, and has been suggested to regulate spermatogenesis and …

This work was designed to analyze the cadmium effects on time-of-day variations of
norepinephrine (NE) content in median eminence and on plasma levels of luteinizing …

Chronic stress has been known to potentiate addictive behaviours in both human addicts
and experimental animals. In the present study, chronic mild food restriction was used as a …