Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease that affects half the women in the
sixth and seventh decade of life. Osteoporosis is characterized by uncoupled bone …

Since the discovery that deletion of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p52 causes osteopetrosis in
mice, there has been considerable interest in the role of NF-κB signaling in bone. NF-κB …

Imbalance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts accounts for the incidence and
deterioration of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Abnormally elevated RANKL and TNF-α …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by multi-articular,
symmetrical and invasive arthritis resulting from immune system abnormalities involving T …

Several inflammatory diseases have been associated with increased bone resorption and
fracture rates and different studies supported the relation between inflammatory cytokines …

OBJECTIVE: The effects of inflammation on bone development from mesenchymal stem
cells (MSC) are unclear due to the difficulty in isolating MSC. The aim of this study was to …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by macrophages,
monocytes, and T cells, and its expression is triggered by the immune system in response to …

Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells able to differentiate into different
mesenchymal lineages. Studies in the past had suggested that two of these mesenchymal …

Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a cytokine produced by monocytes, macrophages, and T
cells and is induced by pathogens, endotoxins, or related substances. TNF‐α may play a key …

Bone formation is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of
mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. Osteoblast differentiation occurs through a multi …