Many microbial species causing infectious disease all over the world became a social
burden and creating threat among community. These microbes possess long lifetime …

Pneumonia is the leading cause of death among children less than 5 years old worldwide. A
wide range of viral, bacterial and fungal agents can cause pneumonia: although viruses are …

Background Interferences between pathogenic bacteria and specific commensals are
known. We determined the interactions between nasopharyngeal microbial pathogens and …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a leading cause of severe infections among
children and adults. Interactions between commensal microbes in the upper respiratory tract …

Opportunistic pathogens frequently cause volatile infections in hosts with compromised
immune systems or a disrupted normal microbiota. The commensalism of diverse …

Like other microbes that live on or in the human body, the bacteria that inhabit the upper
respiratory tract, in particular the nasal cavity, have evolved to survive in an environment that …

Pneumococcal disease is a major contributor to global childhood morbidity and mortality
and is more common in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income …

Background: This longitudinal study describes the associations between respiratory viral
infections, rhinitis and the prevalence and density of the common nasopharyngeal bacterial …

Nasopharyngeal colonization by the Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae is
a prerequisite for pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal diseases. Colonization is …

S. aureus and S. pneumoniae are both common pathogens that are also carried by a large
proportion of healthy individuals in the nasal and nasopharyngeal spaces. A negative …