Genetic decoding is not 'frozen'as was earlier thought, but dynamic. One facet of this is
frameshifting that often results in synthesis of a C-terminal region encoded by a new frame …

Ribosomes that become stalled on truncated or damaged mRNAs during protein synthesis
must be rescued for the cell to survive. Bacteria have evolved a diverse array of rescue …

Stalling during translation triggers ribosome quality control (RQC) to maintain proteostasis.
Recently, stalling has also been linked to the activation of integrated stress response (ISR) …

In the early stage of bacterial translation, peptidyl-tRNAs frequently dissociate from the
ribosome (pep-tRNA drop-off) and are recycled by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase. Here, we …

Bacteria must rapidly respond to both intracellular and environmental changes to survive.
One critical mechanism to rapidly detect and adapt to changes in environmental conditions …

Release factors RF1 and RF2 promote hydrolysis of peptidyl-tRNA during translation
termination. The GTPase RF3 promotes recycling of RF1 and RF2. Using single molecule …

The incorporation of unnatural amino acids is an attractive method for improving or bringing
new and novel functions in peptides and proteins. Cell-free protein synthesis using the …

Terminating protein translation accurately and efficiently is critical for both protein fidelity and
ribosome recycling for continued translation. The three bacterial release factors (RFs) play …

Cytosolic 80S ribosomes contain proteins of the mature cytosolic ribosome (r-proteins) as
well as proteins with roles in ribosome biogenesis, protein folding or modification. Here, we …

Termination of protein synthesis on the ribosome is catalyzed by release factors (RFs),
which share a conserved glycine-glycine-glutamine (GGQ) motif. The glutamine residue is …