All animals evolved from a single lineage of unicellular precursors more than 600 million
years ago. Thus, the biological and genetic foundations for animal sensation, cognition and …

Although discussed by 20th century philosophers in terms drawn from the sciences of non-
living systems, in recent decades biological function has been considered in relationship to …

In animals, epithelial tissues are barriers against the external environment, providing
protection against biological, chemical, and physical damage. Depending on the organism's …

Propagating spiral waves have been discovered in various chemical, biological and
physical systems. Spiral waves in multicellular organisms are often associated with essential …

Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are proton-gated cation channels that are part of the
Deg/ENaC ion channel family, which also includes neuropeptide-, bile acid-, and …

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), which are inspired by the brain, are a central pillar in the
ongoing breakthrough in artificial intelligence. In recent years, researchers have examined …

Placozoa are millimeter-sized, flat, irregularly shaped ciliated animals that crawl on surfaces
in warm oceans feeding on biofilms, which they digest externally. They stand out from other …

The life cycle of most marine invertebrates includes a planktonic larval stage before
metamorphosis to bottom-dwelling adulthood. During the larval stage, ciliary-mediated …

A group of animals is a typical active matter system, whose behaviour can be understood
from the perspective of statistical physics. Here we studied the behaviour of zebrafish …

Processes that break spatial symmetry to produce patterns are at the heart of embryonic
development. These patterns are produced by regulating cell division, migration …