The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells,
comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as …

In many natural and clinical settings, bacteria are associated with some type of biotic or
abiotic surface that enables them to form biofilms, a multicellular lifestyle with bacteria …

Chronic biofilm‐associated infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus often lead to
significant increases in morbidity and mortality, particularly when associated with indwelling …

Combining membrane impermeable DNA-binding stain propidium iodide (PI) with
membrane-permeable DNA-binding counterstains is a widely used approach for bacterial …

Although the potential contribution of the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiome to
human health, aging, and disease is becoming increasingly acknowledged, the molecular …

One of the key elements in the establishment and maintenance of the biofilm structure and
properties is the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is composed of water and …

After the first ancient studies on microbial slime (the name by which the biofilm matrix was
initially indicated), multitudes of studies on the morphology, composition and physiology of …

Amyloids are ordered protein aggregates, found in all kingdoms of life, and are involved in
aggregation diseases as well as in physiological activities. In microbes, functional amyloids …

Extracellular DNA (exDNA) is abundant in many habitats, including soil, sediments, oceans
and freshwater as well as the intercellular milieu of metazoa. For a long time, its origin has …

Advances in biotechnology to treat and cure human disease have markedly improved
human health and the development of modern societies. However, substantial challenges …