Abortive infection (Abi) systems, also called phage exclusion, block phage multiplication and
cause premature bacterial cell death upon phage infection. This decreases the number of …

The study of the interactions between lactic acid bacteria and their bacteriophages has been
a vibrant and rewarding research activity for a considerable number of years. In the more …

Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) loci in prokaryotes are
composed of 30–40-base-pair repeats separated by equally short sequences of plasmid …

Most bacteria and archaea possess multiple antiviral defence systems that protect against
infection by phages, archaeal viruses and mobile genetic elements. Our understanding of …

While lactic acid producing fermentation has been utilized to improve the storability,
palatability, and nutritive value of perishable foods for a very long time, only recently have …

Background The major role of enzymatic toxins that target nucleic acids in biological
conflicts at all levels has become increasingly apparent thanks in large part to the advances …

The Gabija complex is a prokaryotic antiviral system consisting of the GajA and GajB
proteins. GajA was identified as a DNA nicking endonuclease but the functions of GajB and …

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) together with the
associated CAS proteins protect microbial cells from invasion by foreign genetic elements …

Phage contamination represents an important risk to any process requiring bacterial growth,
particularly in the biotechnology and food industries. The presence of unwanted phages …

Over the past few decades, the interest in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been steadily
growing. This is mainly due to their industrial use, their health benefits as probiotic bacteria …